Fig. 4

The effects of rubber bullet impact induced mTBI on the learning and memory of mice. a Mean escape latency of the mice in the positioning trials, which were conducted for 5 consecutive days. b Representative swimming tracks of the mice in the space exploration experiment. The circle in the third quadrant represented the location of the hidden platform. c The times crossing platform of the mice in the space exploration experiment. d The time spent in the target quadrant of the mice in the space exploration experiment. e The distance (%) in the target quadrant of the mice in the space exploration experiment. f Swimming speed of mice in the space exploration experiment. Data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. and analyzed using Student’s t test and multiple t tests. n=8–9/group. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 vs. sham group