Table 2 Comparison of outcomes between multimodal and conventional groups

EOR (%), median (IQR)

100 (98.57–100)

94.32 (89.22–100)

 < 0.001

GTR (EOR = 100%)

194 (73.8)

50 (36.5)

 < 0.001

Operation time (hours), median (IQR)

7.75 (6.58–9.33)

5.50 (4.46–6.50)

 < 0.001

Length of hospital stay (days), median (IQR)

17 (14–22)

16 (13–19.5)

0.001

Other complications, N (%)

16 (6.1)

13 (9.5)

0.21

Seizures, N (%)

30 (11.4)

12 (8.8)

0.41

AQ 1 day, median (IQR)

86.8 (75.0–100)

79.2 (61.4–100)

0.008

AQ within 3 months, median (IQR)

87.2 (75.4–100)

82.0 (61.2–100)

0.01

AQ within 6 months, median (IQR)

90.2 (76.2–100)

81.8 (57.6–100)

0.006

KPS 1 day, median (IQR)

70 (60–90)

70 (60–80)

0.02

KPS within 3 months, median (IQR)

80 (70–90)

80 (60–90)

0.03

KPS within 6 months, median (IQR)

80 (70–90)

90 (50–90)

0.05

Temporary language deficit (within 3 months)

45 (17.1)

40 (29.2)

0.005

Permanent language deficit (within 6 months)

25 (9.5)

27 (19.7)

0.004

Median PFS (95%CI)

16.8 (14.4–19.2)

10.3 (8.8–11.8)

 < 0.001

Median OS (95%CI)

23.7 (21.0–26.4)

15.7 (13.4–18.0)

 < 0.001