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Fig. 2 | Chinese Neurosurgical Journal

Fig. 2

From: Tailored keyhole surgery for basal ganglia cavernous malformation with preoperative three-dimensional pyramidal tracts assessment and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring

Fig. 2

CT (a) and MR (b) showed a CM located in right basal ganglia. After assessing the relationship between pyramidal tracts and CM via Virtual Reality, posterior lateral approach was chosen as shown by green arrow (c). CM was accessed through posterior lateral approach with the guidance of neuronavigation (d). Intraoperative images showed lesion exposure (e), subcortical stimulation mapping for pyramidal tracts in perilesional region (f), and total removal of CM (g). Postoperative MR (T2 weighted) showed CM was totally removed (h). Preoperative VR image showed CM close to the pyramidal tracts (i), postoperative VR images showed total removal of Cm without damage to the pyramidal tracts (j)

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal

ISSN: 2057-4967

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