Plasticity of motor function and surgical outcomes in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation involving primary motor area: insight from fMRI and DTI

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)

Patient No.	Sex	Age y	Clinical presentation	Anatomic location of AVMs	Martin-Spetzler score	Nidus	Pre-op muscle strength	Hemorrhage history
1	F	13	Epilepsy	L anterior motor area, precentral knob	S1V0E1 G2	compact	V	N
2	F	18	Numbness of right limbs	L paracentral lobule	S1V0E1 G2	compact	V	Y
3	F	13	Headache	L superior parietal lobule, precentral knob	S3V0E1 G4	diffuse	V	N
4	M	33	Headache	R anterior motor area, precentral knob	S2V0E1 G3	compact	V	N
5	F	18	Epilepsy of the limbs	R anterior motor area, precentral knob	S2V0E1 G3	compact	V	N

L left, R right, S size of nidus, V venous drainage, E eloquence of adjacent brain, Pre-op preoperative. The muscle strength was scored according to the medical research council scale of 0-V as follows: 0, Flaccid; I, Only trace muscle contraction; II, Able to accomplish a full range of motion with gravity eliminated; III, Able to accomplish a full range of motion against gravity only; IV, Able to overcome moderate resistance; and V, Normal strength

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