Table 1 Summary of studies on mobile phone use and brain tumor

Söderqvis et al., 2011 [28], Nordic countries [4]

2004–2008

Case–control

7–19

352 cases; 646 controls

1.36; (0.92 to 2.02)

Elliott et al., 2010 [10], UK [5]

1999–2001

Case–control

0–4

1397 cases: 5588 controls

1.02 (0.88 to 1.20)

Takebayashi et al., 2006 [29], Japan [6]

2000–2004

Case–control

30–69

51 cases: 53 controls

0.7 (0.4 to 1.2)

Takebayashi et al., 2008 [30], Japan [7]

2000–2004

Case–control

30–69

322 cases;683 controls

1.22 (0.63–2.37) for glioma, 0.70 (0.42–1.16) for meningioma, and 0.90 (0.50–1.61) for pituitary adenoma

Schüz et al., 2006 [26, 27], Denmark [8]

1982–2002

Cohort

≥18

32

0.7 (0.5 to 1.03)

The INTERPHONE Study Group, 2010 [16], 13 countries [9]

2000–2004

Case–control

30–69

2708 glioma and 2409 meningioma cases and matched controls

glioma 0.81 (0.70–0.94) and meningioma 0.79; (0.68–0.91)

Frei et al., 2011 [11], Danish [10]

1990–2007

cohort

≥30

10729

≥13 years 1.03 (0.83 - 1.27) in men and 0.91 (0.41 to 2.04) in women.

≥10 years, glioma 1.04 (0.85 - 1.26) in men and 1.04 (0.56 -1.95) in women, meningioma 0.90 (0.57 to 1.42) in men and 0.93 (0.46- 1.87) in women

Deltour et al., 2009 [9], 4 countries [11]

1974–2003

cohort

20–79

59984

glioma 1.05 (0.98-1.08) among men and 1.02 (1.01-1.05) among women; meningioma 1.08 (0.96-1.13) among men, and 1.38 (1.32-1.44) among women

Schüz (b) et al., 2006 [26, 27], Germany [12]

2000–2003

Case–control

30–69

366 glioma cases, 381 meningioma cases, and 1,494 controls

0.98 (0.74-1.29) for glioma and 0.84 (0.62-1.13) for meningioma. ≥10 years, For glioma 2.20, (0.94-5.11); for meningioma 1.09 (0.35-3.37)

Larjavaara et al., 2011, [18] 7 countries [13]

2000–2004

case-case analyses

18–69

873 glioma cases, with 495 being regular mobile phone users and 378 reporting no regular use.

no statistically significantly

Little et al., 2012, USA [20]

1997–2008

cohort

≥18

24 813

0.98 (0.72-1.25)

Inskip et al., 2010, [15] USA [15]

1977–2006

cohort

Not mentioned

38788

Age 20–29, 1977–1991 diagnosis 2.52 (1.31, 3.76);1992–2006 diagnosis 1.78 (0.48, 3.10)

Carlberg et al., 2013, [7] Sweden [16]

2007–2009

Case–control

18–75

709 meningioma cases and 1,368 control subjects

Mobile phone use 1.0 (0.7-1.4); cordless phone use 1.1 (0.8-1.5)

Carlberg et al., 2014, [8] Sweden [17]

1997–2003 and 2007–2009

case-case analyses

18–75

1678 glioma cases

>20 years For glioma 1.7 (1.2–2.3); astrocytoma grade IV (glioblastoma multiforme; n = 926) Mobile phone use 2.0 (1.4-2.9); cordless phone use 3.4 (1.04-11)

Mild et al., 2007, [23] Sweden [18]

1997–2003

Case–control

18–75

2159 cases and 2162 controls

>10 years, different kinds of brain tumor, analogue phones yielded 1.6, (1.02–2.5), digital phones 1.3, (0.5–3.2) and cordless phones 1.6, (0.9–2.8)

Hardell et al., 2013, [12] Sweden [19]

2007–2009

Case–control

18–75

593 malignant brain tumour cases, 1368 controls

1.8 (1.04-3.3) >25 years 3.3 (1.6-6.9)

Aydin et al., 2011, [1] 4 contries [20]

2004–2008

Case–control

7–19

352 cases and 646 controls

1.36 (0.92-2.02) >5 years 1.26 (0.7-2.28)

Hepworth et al., 2006, [14] UK [21]

2000–2004

Case–control

18–69

966 cases and 1716 controls

0.94 (0.78-1.13)

Richard et al., 2014, [25] UK [22]

2007–2009

a pilot study

0–24

49 cases and 78 controls

Response rates were 52 % for cases and 32 % for controls.

Breastfeeding 0.4 (0.2-1.2) Caesarean section 1.6 (0.6-4.4).

Benson et al., 2013, [2] UK [23]

1999–2005 and again in 2009

cohort

middle-aged women

791710

1.01 (0.9-1.4) For glioma 0.78, (0.55–1.10), For meningioma 1.10, (0.66–1.84), . For acoustic neuroma, 2.46, (1.07–5.64)

Cardis et al., 2011, [5] five interphone countries [24]

2000–2004

Case–control

30–59

553 glioma and 676 meningioma cases and 1762 and 1911 controls

0.93 (0.73 to 1.18) for glioma; 0.80 (0.66 to 0.96) for meningioma

Cardis (b) et al., 2011, [5] five interphone countries [35]

Estimation of RF energy absorbed in the brain

Zhao et al., 2007 [31] [26]

Apoptosis Genes in Primary Cultures of Neurons and Astrocytes

Liu et al., 2015 [21] [27]

Study on cell lines, U251-MG and U87-MG