Medical conditions | Indications |
---|---|
Aneurysm | • Post-clipping review for residual aneurysm and patency of parent vessels [2, 3] • Balloon temporal occlusion for proximal control [13,14,15,16,17,18] |
AVM | • Post-resection checking for residual AVM [1, 19,20,21] • Investigating ruptured AVM with herniation • Emergent management of intraoperative rupture of AVM embolization • Acquired IOA for navigation of residual AVM |
Carotid and vertebral artery disease | • Provide direct access to CCA/ICA/VA for further endovascular intervention [37–39] • Symptomatic total occlusion of CCA/ICA/VA with distal long segment occlusion/stenosis [40–42] |
DAVF | • Provide alternative access for endovascular embolization, including cortical vein, arterial feeders, venous sinus and ophthalmic vein [7, 8, 25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36] |
Other non-cerebrovascular diseases | • Penetrating trauma to head and neck [44] • Spinal fusion [46] • Percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy [45] • Skull base surgery [47] |