Dissection-related carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) following surgical revascularization of chronic internal carotid artery occlusion: a new subtype of CCF and proposed management

Table 1 Baseline and procedural data and outcomes of treatment with stenting in 5 patients

No.	Gender/age	Risk factors	Occlusion side	Qualified events	Collaterals	Duration^† (days)	CCF flow^‡	CCF drainage	ET and stents^§	Seal of CCF/CCF syndrome/recanalization of ICA	Clinical FU (month)/event/CCF syndrome	Angiography FU (month)/complete CCF seal/ICA patency
1	M/60	DM, HL, HT	R	TIA	PCoA	20	Low	Inferior	EP 4.5 × 37 mm + Wallstent 7 × 50 mm	Partial/pulsatile tinnitus/yes	37/no/no	24/yes/yes
2	M/68	HL	R	Stroke	PCoA	210	Low	Inferior	EP 4.5 × 37 mm + Wallstent 9 × 50 mm	Complete/no/yes	14/no/no	12/yes/yes
3	M/61	CS, HL, HT	L	Stroke	PCoA	14	High	Inter-cavernous, posterior	EP 4.5 × 37 mm*2 + Wallstent 7 × 50 mm	Complete/no/yes	16/no/no	12/yes/yes
4	M/70	CS, HT	L	TIA	ACoA, Oph	16	Intermediate	Anterior, inferior	EP 4.5 × 37 mm*2 + Wallstent 7 × 40 mm	Complete/no/yes	6/no/no	6/yes/yes
5	M/72	CS, HL	L	Stroke	ACoA, PCoA, Oph	43	High	Posterior	EP 4.5 × 37 mm*2 + Wallstent 7 × 40 mm	Complete/no/yes	9/no/no	6/yes/no

ACoA anterior communicating artery, CS cigarette smoking, DM diabetes mellitus, FU follow-up, HL hyperlipidemia, HT hypertension, L left, M male, OAO ipsilateral ophthalmic artery or other external carotid-ICA collaterals, PCoA posterior communicating artery, R right, TIA transient ischemic attack
^†Days from ICAO documentation to procedure
^‡High-flow CCF, rapid CS filling without filling of intracranial vessels; intermediate-flow CCF, rapid CS filling with filling of intracranial vessels; low-flow CCF, slow and sluggish CS filling with filling of intracranial vessels
^§ET endovascular therapy, EP Enterprise stents (Codman & Shurtleff, Raynham, MA), WS Wallstent (Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, MA)
Pulsatile tinnitus resolved 1 year later

ISSN: 2057-4967