Table 1 Review of treatments and outcomes in studies using animal models for surgical brain injury
Reference | Model | Treatment | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
Matchett et al. 2006 [33] | Rat | Erythropoietin pre-treatment | Increased brain water content (BWC) |
Lo et al. 2007 [46] | Mouse | NADPH oxidase knockout (KO) or apocynin pre-treatment | KO: increased neurological score (NS); apocynin: no effect |
Jadhav et al. 2007 [35] | Rat | PP1 pre-treatment | Decreased BWC, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p-ERK1/2; increased zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) |
Yamaguchi et al. 2007 [34] | Rat | MMP inhibitor-1 preconditioning | Decreased BWC |
Lee et al. 2008 [47] | Rat | Simvastin pre-treatment | No effect |
Lee et al. 2008 [48] | Rat | Melatonin pre-treatment | 5 and 15 mg/kg decreased lipid peroxidation (LPO), BWC; increased NS. 150 mg/kg decreased NS; increased BWC & LPO |
Bravo et al. 2008 [49] | Mouse | L-histadine and thioperamide post-treatment | Increased BWC |
Hyong et al. 2008 [7] | Rat | Rosiglitazone pre-treatment | Decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, Tumor Necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) |
Di et al. 2008 [50] | Rat | Aminoguanidine post-treatment | Decreased BWC, TNF-α, NF-κB; increased NS |
Hao et al. 2009 [51] | Rat | Aminoguanidine post-treatment | Decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), aquaporin-4 (AQ-4); increased glutathione (GSH) |
Jadhav et al. 2009 [52] | Mouse | Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning | Decreased BWC, cyclooxgenaase-2 (COX-2), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1A); increased NS |
Westra et al. 2011 [53] | CD1 Mice | Hyperbaric (2.5 ATM) and normobaric oxygen (100% FiO2) pre-treatment | Decreased NS; increased BWC |
Khatibi et al. 2011 [54] | CD57 Mice | Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) preconditioning and post-treatment | Preconditioning decreased cell death, BWC; post-treatment increased NS |
Khatibi et al. 2011 [55] | CD57 Mice | Prostaglandin E2 EP1 receptor antagonist pre-treatment | No effect on BWC or cell death; increased NS |
Jafarian et al. 2011 [56] | CD57 Mice | Myelin basic protein (MBP) pre-treatment | Preserved transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1); increased NS |
Ayer et al. 2012 [8] | CD57 Mice | Myelin basic protein (MBP) pre-treatment | Decreased BWC, IL-1β; increased NS, TGFβ1 |
Eckermann et al. 2011 [57] | Rat | 2.9 percent hydrogen concurrent with surgery | Decreased BWC; increased NS |
Benggon et al. 2012 [58] | Rat | Dexmedetomidine pre-treatment | No effect |
Manaenko et al. 2013 [59] | Rat | PAR-1 antagonist SCH79797 pre-treatment | Decreased BWC, cellular apoptosis |
Zheng et al. 2014 [60] | Rabbit | Thymus tolerance pre-treatment | Decreased IL-1 |
Xu et al. 2014 [61] | Rat | Dexamethasone vs. progesterone pre-treatment | Progesterone decreased BWC and MMP-9 expression |
Huang et al. 2014 [62] | Rat | Collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix implantation | Increased VEGF, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) |
Huang et al. 2015 [63] | Rat | PI3Kγ inhibitors AS252424 and AS605240 pre-treatment | Decreased BWC; increased NS |
Huang et al. 2016 [64] | Rat | Valproic acid pre-treatment | Decreased BWC; no MMP inhibition; no effect on NS |
Komanapalli et al. 2016 [65] | Rat | Epsilon aminocaproic acid pre-treatment | Decreased BWC; increased NS |
Pakkianathan et al. 2016 [66] | Rat | Propofol pre-treatment | No effect on BWC or NS |
Sherchan et al. 2016 [38] | Rat | Recombinant Slit2 pre-treatment | Decreased BWC, CD45 antigen, myeloperoxidase, cell division cycle protein 42 (Cdc42); increased NS |
Yang et al. 2016 [42] | Rat | Allogenic myelin basic (MB) protein vs. autogenic brain cell suspension pre-treatment | Suppressed secondary inflammatory reactions |
Kim et al. 2017 [44] | Rat | Crotalus atrox whole venom preconditioning | Decreased intraoperative hemorrhage, postoperative hematoma |
Kim et al. 2017 [45] | Rat | Crotalus helleri whole venom preconditioning | Decreased BWC and COX-2 over-expression; increased NS |
Sherchan et al. 2017 [37] | Rat | Recombinant Slit2 pre-treatment | Decreased BBB permeability; increased BBB junction proteins, NS |
Wang et al. 2017 [67] | Rat | Naja sputatrix whole venom preconditioning | Decreased pro-inflammatory mediators; increased NS |
Wang et al. 2018 [68] | Rat | PLA2 preconditioning | Decreased BWC, intraoperative bleeding; increased NS |
Xiao et al. 2018 [69] | Rat | Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-8 (MFGE8) pre-treatment | Decreased BWC, apoptotic cells; increased NS |
Akyol et al. 2018 [70] | Rat | Neurotrophin-3 intraoperative | Decreased BWC, BBB permeability; increased NS |
Chen et al. 2019 [71] | Rat | Collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) matrix post-treatment | Decreased ED-1, IBA-1, MPO, TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB; increased GMCSF, IL-10 |
Hsu et al. 2018 [72] | Rat | Collagen-glycosaminoglycan (GC) matrix post-treatment | Increased MMP2, MMP9 |
Zakhary et al. 2019 [41] | Rat | RO 61-8048 (kynurenine inhibitor) post-treatment | Decreased BWC, increased NS |