Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of endoscopic surgery with the hemilaminectomy approach. a As the basement of the spinous process was partially removed, the endoscope could provide a satisfactory surgical view for the exposure of the dorsal tumor and the spinal canal. b After a limited excision of the facet joint, the space between the facet and the spine cord/tumor was enlarged, which could help to provide a superior endoscopic view for the tumor exposure (the purple part represents the space between the facet and the spine cord/tumor)