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Table 1 Description of epidemiological studies on smoking and meningioma in women included in the meta-analysis

From: A decreased risk of meningioma in women smokers was only observed in American studies rather than studies conducted in other countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Studies

Country

No. of female cases/controls

Smoking rate (%,F+M/F)

Type of control

Research instrument

Information on smoking

Variables assessed and adjustment

Case-control studies

       

Flint-Richter et al. 2011 [15]

Israel

171/196

28.49/23.70

Hospital

Face-to-face interview

Ever/never, pack-years

Adjusted for radiation exposure

Lee et al. 2006 [13]

USA

217/248

NA/17.32

Hospital

Mailed questionnaires

Ever/never, current, past

* Adjusted for age, race, menarche, pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptives, thyroid disorders, and radiation treatment

Phillips et al. 2005 [16]

USA

143/286

50.50/48.48

Population

Interview

Ever/never, pack-years, duration, age at start, amount

Adjusted for education.

Hu et al. 1999 [12]

China

113/226

35.15/13.86

Hospital

Interview

Ever/never, pack-years, duration, age at start

Adjusted for income, education, occupational exposure to chemicals, and consumption of fruit and vegetables.

Vida et al. 2014 [21]

Canada

67/331

23.15/20.04

Population

Interview

Ever/never, current, pack-years, duration

Adjusted for age, sex, education level, and region

Claus et al. 2012 [17]

USA

1 049/957

10.82/10.61

Hospital

Interview

Ever/never, current, past, duration, pack-years

Adjusted for race, age, BMI, alcohol use, and education

Cohort studies

       

Benson et al. 2008 [14]

UK

372/1, 176, 715

NA/20.80

Population

Mailed questionnaires

Never/past, current

* Adjusted for height, body mass index, socioeconomic status, alcohol intake, strenuous exercise, age at first birth, parity, and oral contraceptive use