Table 1 Description of epidemiological studies on smoking and meningioma in women included in the meta-analysis
Studies | Country | No. of female cases/controls | Smoking rate (%,F+M/F) | Type of control | Research instrument | Information on smoking | Variables assessed and adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case-control studies | |||||||
Flint-Richter et al. 2011 [15] | Israel | 171/196 | 28.49/23.70 | Hospital | Face-to-face interview | Ever/never, pack-years | Adjusted for radiation exposure |
Lee et al. 2006 [13] | USA | 217/248 | NA/17.32 | Hospital | Mailed questionnaires | Ever/never, current, past | * Adjusted for age, race, menarche, pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptives, thyroid disorders, and radiation treatment |
Phillips et al. 2005 [16] | USA | 143/286 | 50.50/48.48 | Population | Interview | Ever/never, pack-years, duration, age at start, amount | Adjusted for education. |
Hu et al. 1999 [12] | China | 113/226 | 35.15/13.86 | Hospital | Interview | Ever/never, pack-years, duration, age at start | Adjusted for income, education, occupational exposure to chemicals, and consumption of fruit and vegetables. |
Vida et al. 2014 [21] | Canada | 67/331 | 23.15/20.04 | Population | Interview | Ever/never, current, pack-years, duration | Adjusted for age, sex, education level, and region |
Claus et al. 2012 [17] | USA | 1 049/957 | 10.82/10.61 | Hospital | Interview | Ever/never, current, past, duration, pack-years | Adjusted for race, age, BMI, alcohol use, and education |
Cohort studies | |||||||
Benson et al. 2008 [14] | UK | 372/1, 176, 715 | NA/20.80 | Population | Mailed questionnaires | Never/past, current | * Adjusted for height, body mass index, socioeconomic status, alcohol intake, strenuous exercise, age at first birth, parity, and oral contraceptive use |