Table 1 Review of the 5 cases of intramedullary cavernous hemangioma with calcification of the spinal cord reported between 1985 and 2019 on PubMed

Lin et al. [11]

18, female

T9

Acute urinary retention, limbs anesthesia, difficulty to walk

34

Lumbar level numbness, paralysis below the caudal level

Yes

Total removal

Spinal intramedullary angiomas with bone girders and bone marrow form

Lumbar level is improved, but paralysis remains below the caudal level

Tyndel et al. [12]

27, female

C6

Painful, dysesthesia of the feet

6

Right-hand mild weakness, Babinski reflex reflexes ( +)

Yes

Total removal

Non-arterial vascular channels with areas of dense calcification and hone formation

Improved, except for a slightly spastic gait,

Naim-Ur-Rahman et al. [13]

19, female

T7-8

Progressive weakness, numbness and stiffness of the legs, paraparesis, increased leg numbness, and loss of bladder control < 2 days

60

unable to stand or walk, marked weakness, and spasticity of both legs

Sensation impaired in the lower extremities with a sensory level at about the umbilicus

Yes

Total removal

closely opposed vascular spaces lined by a single layer of endothelium, focal early calcification was seen

Improved, leg strength improvement and could walk with a cane after 1 year

Kang et al. [14]

61, male

T1-2

Pain in the back and both legs, progressive quadriparesis

3

Quadriparesis, weakness of both legs

N/A

Total removal

Cavernous hemangioma with calcification, ecstatic vessels with a single endothelial lining and hyalinized walls

Improved, complained mild dysesthesia on the right lower extremity

Cosgrove et al. [15]

41, female

T2-3

Gradual onset of left groin numbness, mild leg weakness bilaterally

108

Hyperreflexia with bilateral Babinski signs and ankle clonus

Yes

Biopsy of the lesion

Cavernous angioma

Unchanged for 1 year and getting worse in numbness and stiffness of the lower extremities and increased difficulty in walking