Fig. 2

A 7-year-old male patient who had undergone a bifrontal decompressive craniectomy presented with scalp defect (0.5 × 1.0 cm, white arrow head) at right frontal scalp 7 months after titanium mesh cranioplasty (a). Because of gradual increases in the defect size (1.0 × 2.0 cm, white arrow), an implant removal operation was performed 7 months after cranioplasty (b). During the operation, the implant under the skin defect was covered by granulation tissue (4.0 × 5.0 cm in size, multiple white arrows) and ossifications (0.5 × 1.0 cm, single white arrow) was located right under the defect (c & d). All the bone debris were removed during operation (e). Clinical follow-up at 5 months later showed satisfactory wound healing (f)