Fig. 5

Intra-operative photographs of an endoscopic surgery with the hemilaminectomy approach: a patient (illustrative case 1) with a totally ventral meningioma. a Drilling the base of the spinous process. b Dura was opened by a scalpel. c Tumor debulking under an endoscopic view without retracting of spinal cord. d A 45° endoscope was employed to observe the central (tumor base) and contralateral parts (spinal cord) of the canal when cutting the tumor base. e Coagulating the residual tumor originating from dura. f Suturing the dura