Table 1 Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: (1) 18–75 years old; (2) non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage; (3) severe intracerebral hemorrhage, which was defined as patients with supratentorial bleeding volume > 30 ml, infratentorial bleeding volume > 10 ml, midline shift > 1 cm, or large intraventricular hematoma; (4) Glasgow coma score (GCS) < 13; (5) family members agree to provide an informed written consent.