Fig. 1

Patient 7: A 24-year-old female still has epileptic seizures after left temporal lobectomy, with approximately 15 seizures per month. It is considered that there is a residual epileptogenic lesion in the medial posterior temporal lobe. A Before ablation, T2-weighted interoperative MRI showed a trajectory implanted in the medial posterior aspect of the left temporal lobe. B Monitoring planes (coronal position) are determined for the gradient echo scan (GRE) needed for thermal imaging. The high-quality T1-weighted image is overlaid onto the near-real-time thermal and tissue damage calculations. The colored areas in the image represent different temperatures and can be used for real-time temperature measurement. C After ablation, T1-enhanced-weighted MRI showed circular enhancement in the posterior temporal lobe, indicating the ablation range